Gateway Journal for Modern Studies and Research (GJMSR)
Gateway Journal for Modern Studies and Research (GJMSR) An international refereed journal issued by the Scientific Events Gate- Malaysia, Quart-annually under the supervision of a group of scientists, researchers and specialists from all over the world.
Soft Power and Its Role in Enhancing the Status of the Gulf Cooperation Council
This study discussed the role of soft power in enhancing the position of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) as an influential regional organization. Soft power has become a key tool for achieving international influence alongside hard power. The research aimed to analyze the concept of soft power and the various tools employed by the Council, such as economic diplomacy, media, education, culture, and sports, focusing on the extent to which these tools have succeeded in achieving regional and international goals. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to study how the Gulf states employ soft power, in addition to a historical approach to trace the development of the Council's strategies since its establishment. The study highlighted the experiences of the UAE in investing in cultural and sporting events, Qatar in media and diplomatic mediation, and Saudi Arabia in social reforms and cultural openness. This indicated that soft power has become a key element in the influence of the Gulf states, despite the challenges related to sustainability, coordination among member states, and regional political influence. The research concluded with a recommendation to adopt a unified Gulf strategy to enhance integration in soft power, develop public diplomacy, expand the media role using modern technologies, and achieve a balance between soft and hard power to strengthen the regional and international role of the GCC.
Soft Power- Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC)- Cultural Diplomacy- Regional status.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gateway Journal for Modern Studies and Research (GJMSR) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Information and Communication Technology and Its Impact on Indonesian Education: Islamic Institutes as a Model
This research aims to examine the impact of educational technology and communication tools on Indonesian education, particularly in Islamic institutes. The pursuit of knowledge and the support of scholars are among the most essential human activities for national development, and the more attention given to teachers, the higher the quality of education becomes. The advancement of modern technology has significantly contributed to saving time, reducing costs, and improving efficiency in teaching and learning. Indonesian Islamic institutes have shown great interest in this field, especially in teaching Arabic and the Qur’an and in carefully selecting qualified educators. The study adopts a descriptive and comparative analytical approach to identify the qualitative challenges in Indonesian education and to explore how linguistic and cultural factors influence learning. The findings highlight that the use of educational technology facilitates remote learning and enhances quality, making it comparable to in-person education. Despite certain challenges, technological tools represent effective solutions that improve teaching outcomes and strengthen the connection between theory and practice within the Indonesian cultural context.
Information Technology, Islamic Institutes, Indonesian Education, Arabic Language.
Methodological controls for dealing with the Sunnah of the Prophet
تعتبرالسنة النبوية المصدرالثاني للتشريع الإسلامي بعد القرآن الكريم، فهي الشارحة والمبينة لأحكامه،ولا يفهم القرآن إلا من خلالها، فإي خلل في فهما يعني: الخلل في فهم القرآن؛ بل والدين كله. والبحث يتناول: مفهوم السنة النبوية، والضوابط المعينة على فهم السنة المطهرة. ويستعرض: كيف تعامل خير القرون مع السنة النبوية، ودورالمقاصد في فهما، وتحقيق أهدافها،وعلاقة القرآن الكريم بها،وضرورة تلقيها عن الراسخين في العلم،وأهمية معرفة الملابسات والأسباب في التعامل معها، وكيفية الغوص في معانيها ومراميها، والجمع والترجيح بين مختلف أحاديثها، والحرص على توثيقها. وجاءت الإشكاليات: لتظهر خطورة من يفسرون السنة على هواهم، وينزلونها حسب رغباتهم وميولهم، ومن يقفون عند ظواهرها، ويهملون مقاصدها،وينحرفون بها عن المنهج الوسط في الفهم والسلوك والتنزيل. وينتهي البحث: إلى أن تحري ضوابط التعامل مع السنة يوصل إلى الطريق المستقيم ويقي الأمة من الانحراف،وأوصى البحث: بنشرضوابط التعامل مع السنة،وتفعيل دور المؤسسات الدينية والدعوية والتربوية والتعليمية بإشاعة المفاهيم الصحيحة للسنة النبوية،وكيفية التعامل معها،وتقديم سبل الوقاية والعلاج للحفاظ على صفائها ونقائها.
Prophetic Sunnah, methodology, principles, extremism, negligence.
large language models, automated writing in Arabic, stylistic features of AI writing
With the increasing use of large language models in text generation, there is a need to explore their inherent capacity to diagnose the origin of texts generated by other models. This study examines the diagnostic capacity of four large language models (ChatGPT-4.5, Claude, Copilot, and Gemini) to determine the origin of Arabic texts (human or machine), relying on a modern methodology based on intrinsic stylistic analysis of Arabic texts generated by these models in the literary field. Through stylistic analysis, the study aims to uncover the stylistic features that these large language models themselves associate with automated writing. The research addresses two main questions: (1) To what extent are large language models capable of diagnosing automated writing in Arabic? And (2) What stylistic features do these models consider indicative of automated writing in Arabic? The importance of the study lies in its methodology, which offers a new insight into the capacity of AI to diagnose machine-generated Arabic texts through stylistic analysis of the language written by other models. It also identifies the Arabic stylistic features that AI uses to indicate AI-generated text without comparison with human texts. It also establishes a preliminary reference baseline for researchers investigating the stylistic features of machine-generated Arabic writing, which can be used later to formulate criteria for classifying the style of machine-generated Arabic texts. The study found discrepancies between the models. ChatGPT-4.5 and Gemini were the most accurate in diagnosing machine-generated texts, with Claude coming in second, and Copilot in last place. This indicates that models' diagnosis of machine-generated Arabic writing relies on non-agreed upon stylistic criteria. The study also categorizes the results of the stylistic analysis into formal, syntactic and organizational structure, lexical, rhetorical, discursive, and cognitive levels. These are the features that large language models use to diagnose AI-generated Arabic texts.
stylistic features of AI writing, large language models, automated writing in Arabic
Artificial Intelligence at the Service of Knowledge through Automation Archiving and Discovery towards Human Machine Synergy
In today's academic and professional world, knowledge management methods are being transformed by artificial intelligence (AI). This research examines the integration of AI in three specific areas: automating document search processes, optimizing digital archiving systems, and improving knowledge discovery mechanisms. Through a systematic review of recent literature and an analysis of existing empirical studies, this study examines the hypothesis that AI can improve the effectiveness of knowledge management while preserving the central role of human expertise. The results reveal varying efficiency gains depending on the context of application, but also highlight critical challenges in terms of algorithmic bias, explainability, and organizational implementation.
Artificial intelligence, Knowledge management, Automation, Digital archiving, Human-machine synergy.
Migration and the Problem of Identity and Socio-Economic Integration of Immigrants in Host Societies
Recently, the phenomenon of migration has increased, particularly within Arab societies, for a variety of reasons. Wars, conflicts, poverty, and security disturbances afflicting Arab societies have pushed families and individuals to undertake successive forced or voluntary migrations, as the only refuge from the harsh reality. Migrants have been drawn to developed and prosperous countries and societies, both Arab and foreign, with high hopes of enjoying a comfortable life. However, they soon faced the problem of identity and economic and social integration in host societies. The study aimed to address the complex issues associated with migration, focusing on the issue of identity and the social and economic integration of migrants in host societies. It also aimed to identify the most important challenges facing migrants, both individually and collectively, particularly in achieving harmony between their parent identity and the new identity of the migrants. It also identified the most significant difficulties facing this integration reality, while highlighting the most important factors that contribute to achieving optimal social and economic integration. It also reviewed some of the theories that explain integration and outlined the most important strategies that enable migrants to adapt optimally to host societies. One of the most important findings of the study is that immigrants suffer from psychological struggles resulting from their attempts to maintain their original identity and adapt to the identity of their new society, leading to what is known as a "fragmented identity." The study also revealed that limited language skills, societal discrimination, the confinement of immigrants to low-wage sectors, and discrimination in employment opportunities are among the most significant obstacles to achieving significant integration and participation in the social and economic life of host societies.
Immigration, Identity problem, Social integration, Immigrants, Host communities
The Effectiveness of the Seven-Step Strategy in Reading Comprehension and Lateral Thinking among Female Students of the Grade
The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the PQ5R Seven-Step Strategy in reading comprehension and lateral thinking among second-year intermediate female students in the subject of reading. To achieve this, the researcher adopted a quasi-experimental design with a post-test for both the experimental and control groups. The researcher randomly selected Al-Hawraa Intermediate School for Girls, which included three classes for the second intermediate grade. The research sample consisted of 60 students. The researcher randomly chose class (C) to represent the experimental group, consisting of 30 students who were taught according to the PQ5R strategy. Similarly, class (A) was randomly selected to represent the control group, also with 30 students, who were taught using the traditional method. The researcher excluded students who had failed the previous academic year from the research sample, totaling three students. The researcher prepared teaching plans for both research groups and developed research instruments, including a reading comprehension test consisting of 30 multiple-choice items, as well as a lateral thinking test composed of five sections with 20 multiple-choice items. After statistically analyzing the results, the researcher concluded that the experimental group students outperformed the control group students in both the reading comprehension test and the lateral thinking test In light of these results, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations, including the necessity of using the seven-step strategy PQ5R in teaching reading; Because of its positive, effective role in improving students’ learning, it also recommended training Arabic language teachers for the intermediate stage on modern teaching strategies, including the (PQ4R) strategy.
PQ5R Strategy, Reading Comprehension, Lateral Thinking
فاعليـة استراتيجية الخطوات السبع PQ5R في فهم المقروء والتفكير الجانبي عند طالبات الصف الثاني المتوسط في مادة المطالعة
The extent of awareness of social engineering methods and their impact on electronic shopping: a field study on a sample of members of Saudi society
Amid the rapid digital transformation taking place in Saudi society and the growing shift toward e-commerce, cyber risks facing consumers have become more prevalent. One of the most prominent of these risks is what is known as social engineering, which relies on the psychological and behavioral manipulation of individuals to easily obtain their personal or financial information, without the need for direct technical hacking. The security and confidentiality of information exchanged between the seller and the buyer are among the most critical and essential issues for the success of e-commerce. The research problem is to understand the impact of Saudi society’s awareness of social engineering techniques used through digital technologies and how individuals deal with them during the online shopping process. This study aims to explore the relationship between social engineering and various aspects of online shopping, and its impact on members of Saudi society. The main question is: What is the level of awareness among the sampled individuals from Saudi society regarding social engineering? Is there a correlational relationship between social engineering and the dimensions of electronic shopping among individuals in Saudi society (research sample)? This study adopts the descriptive, correlational, and comparative approach. It aims to accurately describe the level of the awareness of the research sample, then to describe the correlation between social engineering techniques and electronic shopping. The sample of the study (200) was individuals from Saudi society across various regions of Saudi Arabia. Key findings revealed a significant positive correlation at the (0.01) level between the participants’ scores on the social engineering variable and the electronic shopping variable.
Social engineering techniques, electronic shopping.
Light Verse as Social Mirror the Transformation of Late Victorian Poetry form Nonsense to Criticism
This study examines the evolution of Victorian light verse from playful nonsense to a nuanced medium of social critique. Focusing on key figures such as Edward Lear, Lewis Carroll, W.S. Gilbert, and Oscar Wilde, the research examines how humor, linguistic innovation, and satirical elements were employed to reflect and challenge prevailing Victorian values related to class, gender, and morality. By applying close reading and historical contextualization, the study analyzes selected texts to reveal the layers of social commentary embedded in poetic form. Unlike previous studies that often isolate early or late figures, this research traces a continuous literary trajectory, situating light verse within the broader Victorian cultural milieu, including the rise of periodicals, mass literacy, and the comic novel. The findings highlight light verse as both a creative expression and a socio-political tool, offering new insights into its role as a mirror of the era’s contradictions and transformations.
Victorian poetry, light verse, satire, mass literacy, cultural transformation.
Legal Protection of Personal Data in Light of Modern Digital Legislation
This research deals with the issue of legal protection of personal data in light of the rapid developments of digital technologies, and the accompanying expansion of data collection, processing, and circulation through electronic platforms, which raises serious legal questions about the adequacy of the current legislative framework in protecting the privacy of individuals. The importance of the research stems from the escalation of personal data violations, the damage they cause to individuals and communities, as well as the growing need to align laws with international standards such as the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The research also aims to highlight the gap between traditional legislation and the new challenges posed by the digital environment. The research problem lies in the following question: Do the current legislation provide effective and adequate protection of personal data in the modern digital environment? This raises several questions, including the limits of the legal liability of electronic service providers, enforcement and control mechanisms, and the extent of the commitment of Arab countries to modern legislation. The research found that many national legislations still fall short of keeping pace with digital transformations, which requires radical legal reforms that include enacting specialized laws, strengthening the role of regulatory bodies, and spreading legal awareness among users to ensure effective protection of personal data in the digital age.
Personal Data, Legal Protection, Digital Privacy, Modern Legislation, Digital Law.
Education from a Philosophical Perspective: A Comparation between Classical Education and Interactive Education
This research paper serves as an opportunity to explore education from a philosophical perspective, tracing its evolution from classical conceptions to the modern interactive model. The article begins by revisiting the origin of the term "education" and clarifying the meaning and features of classical education. It then addresses the philosophy of education, examining the connection between philosophy and education and the role philosophy plays in questioning, guiding, and reassessing various educational issues. In philosophical thought, education is a central concern, defined as a formative process that links intellectual and moral development. This paper aims to shed light on this by analyzing a range of philosophical views, including those of Plato, Rousseau, and contemporary thinkers like Gramsci, and Dewey, in order to compare their perspectives and highlight points of convergence and divergence. Furthermore, the paper offers a critique of traditional education as an authoritarian model based on rote learning, discipline, and repression. In contrast, it emphasizes the interactive educational model, grounded in experience, social interaction, and connecting knowledge to life. In this context, the work will present the educational philosophy of the American thinker John Dewey. Finally, the study will analyze the challenges of education in the contemporary context, highlighting the importance of interactive education as a tool for building a democratic and adaptable society in the face of digital and cultural transformations.
Education – philosophy – philosophy of education – interactive education.
Active Procrastination and its Relationship to Creative Self-Efficacy and Locus of Control among Students of King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence in Al-Karak
The study aimed to investigate active procrastination and its relationship with both creative self-efficacy and locus of control among students at King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence in Al-Karak Governorate. A sample of 141 male and female students was selected using the stratified random sampling method. To achieve the objectives of the study, the descriptive correlational approach was employed, using the following instruments: the Active Procrastination Scale, the Creative Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Locus of Control Scale. Validity and reliability indicators were established for these tools, and results showed that they possessed acceptable psychometric properties for use in this study. To answer the study questions, Pearson correlation coefficients were used to analyze the relationships between variables, and regression analysis was employed to examine the predictive power of active procrastination on both creative self-efficacy and locus of control. The results showed that the level of active procrastination was moderate, with a mean of (2.79), and that creative self-efficacy was at a moderate level, with a mean of (3.47). The sub dimension Creative Thinking Self-Efficacy ranked first with a mean of (3.45), while Creative Performance Self-Efficacy ranked last with a mean of (3.42). The results further revealed a positive correlation between active procrastination and both creative self-efficacy and locus of control. The correlation coefficient between active procrastination and creative self-efficacy was (0.612), which was statistically significant at (α ≤ .05). The correlation coefficient between active procrastination and locus of control was (0.441), also statistically significant at (α ≤ .05). Additionally, active procrastination and creative self-efficacy together accounted for 66.6% of the variance in creative self-efficacy, indicating that active procrastination is a predictor of creative self-efficacy.
Active procrastination, creative self-efficacy, locus of control, King Abdullah II Schools for Excellence.
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Ethical Decision-Making in Intelligent Systems.
This study investigates the relationship between artificial intelligence (AI) and ethical decision-making in intelligent systems. As AI technologies are increasingly deployed in critical domains such as healthcare, law, and autonomous systems, the ethical risks they introduce – such as bias, opacity, and the absence of emotional or contextual judgements – require immediate attention. These risks are classified across three dimensions: technological uncertainty, limitations in human morality, and complex interactions between human and non-human agents. The paper examines the feasibility of embedding ethical reasoning into AI systems using normative theories such as utilitarianism, deontology, and virtue ethics. It also analyses global regulatory frameworks and emerging interdisciplinary approaches, illustrating the importance of culturally responsive, transparent, and accountable AI governance. A multi-domain ethical risk analysis framework is proposed to help developers, policymakers, and ethicists evaluate and mitigate ethical concerns throughout the AI lifecycle. The study concludes with recommendations for future interdisciplinary research, including operationalising ethics in AI designs and developing anticipatory governance models. This work aims to support the creation of intelligent systems that are not only technically robust but also ethically aligned with human values.
Artificial Intelligence(AI); Ethical Decision-Making; Algorithmic Bias; AI Governance; Moral Agency.
Primary field: Artificial Intelligence Ethics. Subfields: AI Governance, Intelligent Systems, Interdisciplinary AI Studies.
Religious Discourse in Times of Troubles and Crises
Crises and calamities are among the most severe challenges faced by humanity due to the resulting health, psychological, intellectual, and economic repercussions. Such events alter human behavior, emotions, needs, and priorities, and reshape minds, concepts, and societal norms. This study addresses the concept of religious discourse and its current reality, highlighting the need for its revitalization and development, as well as the dangers posed by its absence or ineffectiveness during times of crisis. The research explores the nature, characteristics, and contributions of religious discourse in uplifting nations, peoples, and societies during emergencies and hardships. The study identifies critical issues, including the evident weakness in how religious discourse addresses crises, despite its strong potential to influence positive change and revival. It also notes the emergence of unbalanced discourses either through exaggeration of marginal issues or distortion of vital ones as well as discourses that blur truth and dilute rights. The research concludes that crises and calamities are among the most dangerous challenges affecting humanity, and that religious discourse is one of the most influential tools in guiding nations through such times. A well-balanced and disciplined religious discourse can effectively reshape motivations, attitudes, concepts, thinking patterns, and public behavior. The study recommends empowering religious institutions during crises to deliver impactful, balanced discourse that provides both preventive and remedial solutions.
Religious discourse, calamities, crises, balance, moderation
A Comprehensive Overview of 6G Communication Systems and Emerging Technologies
The sixth generation (6G) of communication systems represents the next leap in wireless technology, promising ultra-fast speeds, greater efficiency, and revolutionary new applications. Building on the evolution from 1G’s analog systems to today’s 5G, 6G will integrate advanced technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), virtual reality (VR), the Internet of Everything (IoE), and terahertz (THz) communications to deliver terabit-level data rates and ultra-low latency. This will enable applications like autonomous vehicles, immersive digital realities, industrial automation, remote healthcare, and smart cities. Research shows that 6G will focus strongly on security, privacy, and user experience, addressing challenges like network capacity and reliability. Studies highlight the vital role of machine learning, edge computing, massive MIMO, and mmWave/THz spectrum in realizing 6G’s vision. Extensive surveys by various scholars have explored 6G’s potential for integrating quantum computing, AI-driven network optimization, UAV networks, space and deep-sea connectivity, and bio-nano communications. Ultimately, 6G aims to connect billions of devices globally, bridging connectivity gaps in remote regions and enabling transformative services across industries. By overcoming technical and societal challenges, 6G is expected to redefine global communication infrastructure and support unprecedented levels of interconnectivity and innovation.
6G Communication Systems, Terahertz Technology, Artificial Intelligence (AI), Internet of Everything (IoE), Ultra-Low Latency Networks
Copyright (c) 2024 Gateway Journal for Modern Studies and Research (GJMSR) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Role of Emotional Intelligence in Human Resources in Improving Organizational Relations and Creativity
This study investigates the role of emotional intelligence in human resource management as a key factor in enhancing organizational relationships and stimulating creativity within the workplace. Drawing on theoretical frameworks and empirical analysis, the research highlights the importance of emotional intelligence competencies—such as self-awareness, empathy, emotional regulation, and interpersonal skills—in shaping positive organizational behavior. The findings reveal that emotional intelligence significantly contributes to improving communication, resolving conflicts, and fostering an environment conducive to innovation. The study emphasizes that organizations which integrate emotional intelligence into their HR practices are more likely to achieve higher levels of employee engagement, collaboration, and creative performance. These insights underscore the strategic value of emotional intelligence in supporting sustainable organizational development and adaptability in today’s dynamic business environment.Recommendations are provided for HR professionals to incorporate emotional intelligence training and assessment in workforce development initiatives.
Emotional intelligence, human resources, organizational relations, creativity, innovation, workplace dynamics, employee engagement.
Investing in the intellectual capabilities of human resources, the Southern Distribution Authority, Basra branch as a model
In today's knowledge-based economy, intellectual capabilities are of paramount importance to organizational success. They are the foundation upon which creativity and innovation are built, and they are among the most prominent competitive factors in the market. These capabilities represent the energy and primary driver for corporate management to achieve their visions and goals. Hence, the need to invest them optimally and seek solutions that ensure maximum benefit from them within a clear organizational structure based on job descriptions. In the introduction to his research, the researcher referred to some figures who represented a turning point in the field of intellectual capabilities development, serving as a starting point for the research process. He presented his problem through two main questions: First, how can we arrive at the most appropriate methods and concepts to unleash the intellectual talents and capabilities of company employees? Second, how can we discover these talents in society and employ them in a manner that is consistent with each organization's role and in accordance with its tasks and duties specified in the organizational structure and job descriptions? The answers to these two questions were presented in three chapters. The first included a theoretical aspect, reviewing perceptions related to intellectual capabilities and methods for measuring and developing them. The second chapter, which deals with the study methodology and data analysis, presented the researcher's hypotheses based on practical reality, using the petroleum products distribution company as a model for the study. A random sample of employees across the company's departments and divisions was used. A question was posed about the acquired skills that employees actually practice in the workplace, and the answers revealed two types of skills: technical skills and acquired administrative skills. Based on this, the researcher used a questionnaire to measure the achieved percentages and analyze them to answer a crucial question: Can a workforce with a qualification in a specific specialty transform into influential intellectual capabilities? From here, the study moved to the third chapter, which included conclusions and recommendations. If applied in the realities of companies, these findings can be generalized across various sectors, contributing to strengthening these companies' position in a market where competition for survival is increasingly intense.
human resources, labor, human capital, intellectual capital, human skills
The role of the educational supervisor in developing the performance of Islamic education teachers in the field of using educational technologies in secondary schools - Burma as a model
This study aimed to identify the role of the educational supervisor in developing the performance of Islamic education teachers in using educational technologies in secondary schools in the Republic of Somalia, from the teachers' own point of view. The researcher used the descriptive approach and relied on the questionnaire as a tool for data collection. It consisted of (24) paragraphs distributed over three axes, which were applied to a sample of (31) Islamic education teachers in Burma City during the third semester of the academic year 2024/2025 AD. The results of the study showed that the educational technologies that supervisors focused on using came in at a high degree with an average of (3.8). It also became clear that the obstacles to the use of these technologies among teachers were high with an average of (4.57), while the supervisory methods used by supervisors to improve teachers' performance also came in at a high degree with an average of (4.29). Based on the findings, the study recommended the adoption of training programs for supervisors that include preparing new teachers in the areas of educational technology, classroom management, planning, teaching skills, and evaluation. It also recommended the development of plans to train new teachers on content analysis, formulating educational objectives, and developing communication skills. Furthermore, it recommended enhancing the professional competencies of supervisors to keep pace with modern educational developments by organizing ongoing and effective training courses.
Educational supervisor, Islamic education teachers, educational technologies.
The Role of AI Technology in Enhancing Student Engagement in Design Studios
AI technology enhances student engagement and communication in art design studios. It provides opportunities for participation, improved academic performance, and increased creativity. Instructors can use interactive learning activities like digital platforms, notebooks, whiteboards, audio files, podcasts, and surveys to enhance collaboration and develop essential skills. Strategies for engaging students include active learning, connecting it to real-world situations, using technology, conducting group activities, creating a positive learning environment, using FAQs, brainstorming, and creating classroom games, visualizations, workshops, exercises, projects, co-curricular activities, competitions, and problem-based learning activities. The research explores how AI can personalize learning experiences and enhance interactive learning through various tools. The study is based on a descriptive-analytical approach, collecting and analyzing data on student engagement in design studios and using different methods and methodologies. Therefore, the study concluded that AI technology has the potential to enhance student engagement and communication, allowing instructors to focus on interacting with students and facilitating discussions. Instructors in the art and design environment should integrate interactive elements into design studios to work with students, especially in design projects and activities.
Student Engagement, AI Technology, Learning Environment, Digital Transformation, Design Studios.
A DWDM-RoF system for the 5G Communication networks
Abstract: Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) and Radio over Fiber (RoF) are promising technologies that able to provide unlimited transmission capacity, which meets the growing demands of bandwidth in the communication systems. In this paper, an architecture for bidirectional DWDM-RoF access networks using single Mach Zehnder Modulator (MZM) is presented. The architecture is developed to generate 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mm-wave) using Optisystem simulation software version 18. This paper aims to implement the bidirectional DWDM-RoF and study the effect of phase imbalance on the mm-wave signal to reduce the insertion loss. It is found that the phase imbalance affects the insertion loss and the amplitude of the mm-wave signal. By decreasing the phase imbalance of the mm-wave signal, the insertion losses can be declined. The phase imbalance can be controlled by adjusting the injected phase and the best result collected at phases of π/3 and 5π/12. Also, the phase imbalance of the mm-wave signal can be decreased by achieving a splitting ratio of 0.5 in the system.
The Impact of AI in Supply Chain Resilience: A Systematic Mapping Review
Supply chain resilience has gained significant attention in recent years due to the increasing frequency and severity of disruptions such as natural disasters, disruption, conflict, and pandemic. Supply chain resilience enhancement through Artificial Intelligence (AI) is an emerging research area. This paper presents a systematic mapping review to considerate the existing body research on the impact of AI technologies in improving supply chain resilience. Through a structure analysis of relevant studies, this review categorizes AI application in various supply chain function and identifies trends, challenges, and gaps in the literature. The findings reveal that AI, practically machine learning, predictive analytics, and automation, has a notable impact on enhancing flexibility, agility, and responsiveness in supply chains. However, there is limited research on the integration of AI with human decision-making processes and the long-term robustness of AI driven supply chains. The paper concludes by identifying future research directions and practical implications for business aiming to enhance supply chain resilience using AI.
Virtual reality technology and its role in the valorization of culture heritage: the case of 360-degree video in virtual reality.
This study aims to highlight the innovative digital technologies employed by designers, particularly focusing on 360-degree video in virtual reality (VR) as applied to cultural heritage. This research, explored specifically, the enhancement of cultural heritage research through the VR experience: the case study: "The Magic of Guellala" (Ben Jemmaa, 2022). Indeed, this research conducted a phenomenological investigation into immersive experiences that promote interaction, presence, and engagement. The study analyzed user behaviors in relation to 360° VR videos by examining interactions with content, levels of immersion, and impacts on understanding cultural heritage. This study employed qualitative content analysis to investigate how narration influenced presence and immersion in VR environments. The results reveal that technological advancements fostered public engagement and emotional connections to heritage. Ultimately, the research emphasized the importance of understanding public preferences and needs to improve user experience in cultural heritage contexts. By consolidating the link between technology and cultural heritage, this study offers new insights into enhancing appreciation for our collective heritage through immersive experiences, thus redefining our connections with museums and archaeological sites.
Virtual Reality Technology, 360° video in VR, Immersive storytelling, Valorization of Culture heritage, New creative modalities in design
Culture heritage - Virtual reaity Technics
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on the Performance of Virtual Teams: A Field Study on Al-Omair Construction Company
This study aimed to examine the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) in its various dimensions expert systems, neural networks, genetic algorithms, and intelligent agents on the performance of virtual teams. A descriptive analytical approach was employed, utilizing a questionnaire to collect data from a random sample of 69 employees at Al-Omair Construction Company in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The results revealed variability in the degree of AI technology implementation at the company. However, the perceptions of respondents were generally positive, with an average score of 4.02. The actual performance of the virtual teams was also high, with a mean score of 4.15. The study showed a statistically significant impact of the combined AI dimensions on virtual team performance, with a correlation coefficient of 0.965 and a coefficient of determination of 0.931. This indicates that AI explains 93.1% of the variance in virtual team performance. The study recommends that Al-Omair Construction Company adopt AI as a tool for administrative development to gain a competitive advantage. Furthermore, the company should enhance virtual team management by focusing on improving communication, building trust among team members, fostering a culture of achievement, and establishing an organizational culture that supports smart applications to further improve virtual team performance
الذكاء الاصطناعي، الفرق الافتراضية، تحسين الأداء، شركة الأومير للمقاولات
The Road to Tyranny: Analyzing the Shift from Communism to Totalitarianism in Orwell’s Animal Farm
This research was written in the light of a Marxist theoretical framework to discuss problems ingrained within society and politics. The main goal of the study was to tie together the terms: Communism and Totalitarianism and to describe the relationship between them. The second goal was to explore the transition from Communism to Totalitarianism in George Orwell's Animal Farm. The research dived into how power resulted in the corruption of leaders and therefore resulted in the start of a Totalitarian regime. It showed the impact of communism on societies and the dangers that totalitarianism brings upon them. The reason behind the selection of this topic is that it can be applied globally and at any point in time. These objectives were verified using the analytical approach by analyzing the allegorical elements of the novella and referencing previous scholarly works. The study concluded with the results that the hold of power is mainly the thing that transforms the political system from communism to totalitarianism. Furthermore, propaganda, language manipulation, and historical alteration are the methods that tyrants use to enforce their rule. The results emphasize the significance of George Orwell's Animal Farm as a cautionary tale about the dangers of unchecked power and the fragility of democratic ideals.
Application of Highly Optimised Structured Teaching Method in Training of Trainer Programme
The growing awareness of the big differences between teachers has led to an ongoing dialogue among educators, researchers, and policy makers on how to improve teaching practices. The highly optimised structured teaching (HOST) teaching method is an effective and efficient teaching framework using evidence-based strategies and an innovative teaching structure. This study introduces the result of using the HOST teaching method in a train the trainer programme. A random group of trained participants in the training of trainer program was selected and asked to self-assess their learning by answering a questionnaire about their knowledge and skills they gained from the programme. Then the effect size of HOST intervention is calculated by comparing the pre and post self-assessment scores. The result shows a very high effect of the HOST teaching method. The study concluded that the HOST method is recommended to be used in training.
teaching efficiency, teaching method, effect size, assessment of change, pre and post change
The effectiveness of electronic tests and their efficacy in equipping students with skills in designing interactive digital educational content
The aim of the research was to investigate the effectiveness of electronic tests in equipping students with skills in designing interactive digital educational content. To achieve this, an experimental approach was used. structured electronic tests supported by feedback (corrective and explanatory) were designed, along with three performance tests corrected with note cards. These tools were applied to a sample of 54 students enrolled in a diploma program in educational qualification. They were randomly divided into two equal groups: an experimental group and a control group. This took place between 2023 and 2024 at the Faculty of Education at the University of Damascus. The research concluded the effectiveness of structured electronic tests supported by feedback (corrective and explanatory) in enhancing students' skills and their effectiveness in students' retention of learning. There were statistically significant differences between the average scores of individuals in the control and experimental groups in the post-application of performance tests in favor of the experimental group. There were also statistically significant differences between the average scores of individuals in the experimental group in the pre-test and post-test applications of performance tests, favoring the post-test application. However, there was no statistically significant difference in their scores between the post-test and delayed test applications. Based on these results, a set of suggestions were put forward regarding the application of structured electronic tests to university students and conducting studies on measuring the impact of structured electronic tests on academic achievement in other educational stages.
Evaluation of some Different Paprameters of Mixolab Device of Some Approved Syrian Soft Wheat Varieties
This research aims to study some of different parameters of some Syrian soft wheat varieties recently approved for cultivation, using Mixolab device according to the ICC.No.173 method; The required samples of durum wheat varieties: Sham8, Buhouth8, and Doma2 were obtained from the Research Station of the Scientific Agricultural Research Center, at a rate of three replicates for each sample (variety). All analyzes were also conducted in the Grain Technology Laboratory at the College of Engineering. Agricultural, Al-Furat University. The results of estimating percentage of protein showed that there were significant differences between the studied varieties, reaching 9.8%, 13.2%, and 13.3% for bohouth8, Sham8, and Doma2, respectively. It was also shown that there was a significant difference in the average percentage of absorbed water among the varieties, and the average time of dough formation for the varieties also differed. The average time required for starch gelatinization differed significantly between the studied varieties, The results also showed that the average torque for the starch gel stabilization phase ranged between 1.61 N,m for the Doma 2 variety and 1.54 N,m for the Buhouth8 variety and 1.47 N,m for the Sham 8 variety, while the average fall number was characterized by a high rate for the studied varieties, which reached 356, 361, and 380 seconds for the Buhouth8, Sham 8, and Doma 2 varieties, respectively.
Soft Syrian wheat varieties, falling number, Rheological properties, Mixolab device,Gelatinization