Gateway Journal for Modern Studies and Research (GJMSR)
Gateway Journal for Modern Studies and Research (GJMSR) An international refereed journal issued by the Scientific Events Gate- Malaysia, Quart-annually under the supervision of a group of scientists, researchers and specialists from all over the world.
Living Through War: Lived Experiences of Older Adults in the Gaza Strip from October 7th, 2023, to 2026: A Hermeneutic Phenomenological Study
This study explored how older adults in the Gaza Strip experienced and made sense of life during the war that began in October 2023. It aimed to interpret the conflict’s effects on their living conditions, physical health, psychological well-being, and social relationships. A qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological design was used, with data collected through semi-structured, in-depth interviews with nine adults aged 65 years or older. Interview transcripts were analyzed iteratively using thematic analysis informed by van Manen’s methodological approach; meaningful statements were coded, grouped into categories, and refined into subthemes and themes through continual researcher reflection. The findings showed persistent insecurity, forced displacement, severe deprivation of food and other basic necessities, loss of income, and sharply reduced access to medications and health services, which further compromised chronic disease management and daily functioning. Participants also described fear, helplessness, hopelessness, anxiety, grief, and anticipation of death, alongside family separation, weakened social networks, and increased isolation. Religious practices, mutual support, and simple recreational activities were reported as coping strategies, although available support was limited. The study concludes that the war intensified older adults’ pre-existing physical, psychological, and social vulnerabilities. It highlights the urgent need for age-responsive humanitarian action that integrates accessible health care, mental health and psychosocial support, social protection, and dignified provision of basic needs, while calling for further research on particularly vulnerable groups of older adults.
Copyright (c) 2026 Gateway Journal for Modern Studies and Research (GJMSR) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
The Symbolism of Personification and the Representation of Women in Khaldologya by Saad Saeed and Dream of the Spiders by Sherzad Hassan: A Comparative Semiotic Study
This study aimed to investigate the symbolism of personification and representations of women in Saad Saeed's novel Khaldologya and Sherzad Hassan's Dream of the Spiders, revealing how female representations were reshaped through nonhuman symbolic figures within the narrative structure. It adopted a comparative semiotic approach and used the two novels as material for analysis. Semiotic tools were employed to interpret animal symbols and analyze narrative space, semantic relationships, and the formation of gender discourse, thereby tracing the symbolic functions of personification at spatial, intellectual, and emotional levels. The results showed that Saad Saeed constructed the image of women through a multifaceted symbolic system based on diverse animal masks, expanding the semantic fields associated with protection, dominance, cunning, and symbolic revenge. By contrast, Sherzad Hassan concentrated the feminine symbol in one central sign, the spider, which embodied the tension between feminine power and masculine centrality and the mechanisms of containment and domination within dreamlike and familial spaces. The study also demonstrated that the animal transcended its descriptive function to become a semiotic and ideological medium that reconstructed the relationship between women and the other, questioned patriarchal structures, and redistributed power within the text. Its contribution lies in a comparative semiotic reading that highlights different mechanisms for constructing feminine symbolism in Arabic and Kurdish novels and shows how personification developed from a rhetorical device into an active semiotic structure representing women as active subjects within narrative discourse.
Discourse Strategies in the Da‘wah of Prophet Ibrahim (Abraham) and Their Applications in the Educational Field: An Analytical and Inferential Study
This study aimed to identify and analyze the discourse strategies employed in Prophet Ibrahim’s (peace be upon him) da‘wah as presented in the Holy Qur’an and to explore their educational applications. Based on a review of recent studies and literature published between 2020 and 2026, the research problem was identified as the tendency of most previous studies to focus on the exegetical and linguistic dimensions of Ibrahim’s discourse, with limited attention given to transforming linguistic findings into practical educational models. The study employed a descriptive-analytical approach to analyze the discourse strategies found in Ibrahim’s dialogues and an inferential approach to derive their educational values and applications. The findings revealed that Ibrahim’s method of da‘wah incorporates a range of instructional skills capable of transforming superficial learning into learning based on higher-order thinking skills, including discovery, critical thinking, and problem-solving. The results also showed that involving learners alongside teachers in decision-making strengthens their acceptance of ideas through conviction rather than coercion. Furthermore, connecting Ibrahim’s method of da‘wah with educational principles can contribute to the development of curricula and teaching practices. The study concluded that educational curricula should be designed in light of these strategies through interactive, constructivist activities in which teachers and learners participate in practical applications, thereby promoting psychological security, balanced personality development, and sustainable positive behavior.
A Narrative Review of Student-Centered, Data-Driven Approaches for Improving Success in Mathematics Education
Recent international evidence indicates that mathematics achievement remains a challenge across educational settings. At the K–12 level, many students experience low mathematical proficiency and confidence, while higher education institutions continue to face challenges related to student engagement, retention, and academic performance in mathematics. This narrative review examines peer-reviewed studies published between 2020 and 2026 on student-centered learning and the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in mathematics education. Relevant studies were identified through searches of IEEE Xplore, SpringerLink, MDPI, Crossref-indexed journals, and other open-access academic journals, while OECD (PISA 2022) and UNESCO reports were consulted to provide global context. The search used combinations of keywords related to student-centered learning, artificial intelligence, mathematics education, learning analytics, formative assessment, personalized learning, student engagement, and learning outcomes. Only English-language, peer-reviewed studies directly related to mathematics education were included. A total of 15 peer-reviewed studies employing quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods designs were analyzed using a thematic synthesis approach, while two institutional reports were used only to provide global context. The findings consistently showed that integrating student-centered teaching with AI-supported tools, including learning analytics, adaptive learning systems, and formative assessment, improved student engagement, motivation, personalized learning, and mathematics achievement. The review also identified common implementation challenges, including limited technological infrastructure, insufficient teacher preparation, ethical concerns, and unequal access to digital resources. Overall, the evidence suggests that AI is most effective when integrated with student-centered pedagogical practices rather than used as a standalone technological tool.
Rhetorical Discourse in the Qur’an and the Prophetic Sunnah and Its Impact on Community Development (Justice among Children as a Model) A Descriptive and Analytical Study
This study examines rhetorical discourse in the Qur’an and the Prophetic Sunnah and its role in consolidating justice among children and linking family reform to community development. The problem arises from the abundance of jurisprudential and educational treatments of the topic, compared with limited attention to the rhetorical construction that transforms a religious ruling into conviction and practice. The study defines rhetorical discourse and justice among children, analyses selected Qur’anic verses and Prophetic traditions, and clarifies their psychological, familial, and social effects. It adopts the descriptive-analytical method and rhetorical discourse analysis, focusing on command, prohibition, emphasis, condition, generalisation, interrogation, dialogue, and concise expression. The analysis shows that these methods cooperate to awaken conscience, expose inconsistency in parental decisions, confront emotional bias, establish a clear standard of justice, and move the addressee toward corrective action. The study proposes applications for gifts, attention, discipline, educational and digital opportunities, and special care. It concludes that the developmental impact begins with transparent, reviewable family decisions that strengthen trust and cohesion and reduce favouritism and conflict. It recommends incorporating the proposed model into family counselling, parental education, school awareness programmes, and field studies designed to test its effectiveness through measurable indicators of family justice and stability.
Artificial Intelligence in Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences Education:
Artificial intelligence (AI) increasingly influenced pharmaceutical and health sciences education by transforming teaching, assessment, simulation-based learning, and curriculum development. This PRISMA-guided narrative literature review evaluated current educational applications, examined associated ethical challenges, and identified future directions for responsible curricular integration. A structured search of PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, and ScienceDirect identified English-language publications from 2020 to 2026. After duplicate removal, title and abstract screening, and full-text eligibility assessment, 32 studies and policy documents met the predefined criteria and were included in a qualitative narrative synthesis. Data were extracted and synthesized thematically. The review showed that AI-driven systems supported adaptive learning, virtual patient simulations, learning analytics, automated assessment, generative AI, and large language models, improving personalized learning, student engagement, educational efficiency, and clinical training. Important challenges involved data privacy, algorithmic bias, academic integrity, transparency, equitable access, AI literacy, and institutional governance. International policy recommendations emphasized ethical implementation and responsible governance in higher education. Overall, AI demonstrated considerable potential to improve pharmaceutical and health sciences education when combined with evidence-based educational practices, comprehensive faculty and student training, and robust ethical and regulatory frameworks. Continued interdisciplinary collaboration and responsible governance remained essential to ensure that AI complemented, rather than replaced, human-centered teaching and learning.
C: Analogizing the Divine Inspiration to Bees with Computer Programming in the Reflections of Sheikh Al-Sha'rawi: A Study in Cognitive Approximation
This study aims to examine the extent of the analogy between the divine inspiration granted to bees and computer programming in the reflections of Sheikh Muhammad Metwally Al-Sha'rawi by analyzing his comparison of divine inspiration with the concept of programming as a means of cognitive approximation. The significance of the study lies in demonstrating the Qur'anic discourse's capacity to accommodate contemporary scientific concepts while highlighting the cognitive and educational dimensions embedded in the Qur'anic account of the bee. The research problem centers on determining the validity and limits of this analogy, investigating whether the similarity is confined to the execution of pre-programmed commands or extends beyond that, while clarifying the fundamental distinction between divine inspiration and human-designed computer programming. The study adopts descriptive, analytical, and comparative approaches to examine the three divine commands addressed to the bee—"Take for yourself dwellings," "Then eat," and "Follow the ways of your Lord"—and analyzes their functional sequence in light of Al-Sha'rawi's reflections. The study concludes that Al-Sha'rawi's comparison is based on cognitive approximation rather than equivalence. Both divine inspiration and computer programming involve an organized system of predefined instructions governing behavior; however, divine inspiration originates from the infallible will of God, whereas computer programming is a product of the human mind. The originality of this study lies in presenting a contemporary Qur'anic interpretation that bridges Qur'anic exegesis and computer science while preserving the uniqueness and transcendence of divine revelation.
Endo Second Submodules, Endo Quasi-Prime Second Submodules, and Related Concepts
The notions of endo-second submodules and endo quasi-prime second submodules are presented as generalizations of second submodules and quasi-prime second submodules, respectively. A nonzero submodule B of an A-module V is called an endo-second submodule if, for every f ∈ End(V), either f(B) = B or f(B) = 0. A nonzero submodule B of V is called an endo quasi-prime second submodule if, for f, g ∈ End(V) and every completely irreducible submodule S of V, the relevant inclusion implies that either f(B) ⊆ S or g(B) ⊆ S. Furthermore, a nonzero submodule B of an A-module V is called a 2-absorbing second submodule if, whenever a, b ∈ T, L is a completely irreducible submodule of V, and Bab ⊆ L, then Ba ⊆ L, Bb ⊆ L, or a · b ∈ Annₜ(B). This notion may be regarded as the dual of a 2-absorbing submodule. These concepts are defined through the action of the endomorphism ring on modules, providing a structural perspective that connects endomorphism behavior with the internal properties of modules. The study establishes several fundamental properties and theorems related to these concepts and clarifies their relationships with other classes of second submodules.
Performance Evaluation of an IoT-Based Smart Transportation System Using Optical Fiber Communication
Smart transport systems have been adopting several IoT devices to collect and transmit traffic data, including vehicle counts, traffic density, and road conditions, and to monitor traffic. Nevertheless, the reliability of data transmission is a serious problem, and it becomes especially important to minimize signal degradation and reduce bit errors when transmitting data over long distances. Therefore, it is vital to examine the performance of an IoT-based intelligent transport system connected via fiber optics to ensure successful implementation. To do so, a mathematical modeling technique was applied to simulate the behavior of a fiber-optic link. Specifically, this study proposes developing a numerical simulation model to assess the performance of the intelligent transport system under varying distances and data transfer rates. Fiber lengths ranging from 10 to 80 kilometers and data transfer rates from 1 to 10 Gbps were considered. Performance criteria, such as received optical power, quality factor, bit error rate, pulse amplitude, and signal quality, were analyzed
Inductive Reasoning and Mathematical Proof: Difficulties of Tunisian Secondary School Students
This article is situated within a broader reflection on the difficulties encountered in learning mathematics at the secondary level in Tunisia. It presents an experimental study aimed at clarifying the application of inductive reasoning in mathematical activities. The primary objective of this study is to assess student attainment and identify learning difficulties by analysing written productions submitted by 204 upper secondary students from science streams across three educational institutions. These productions, drawn from the domain of discrete mathematics, engage two modes of reasoning: incomplete inductive reasoning, grounded in the observation of particular cases and the formulation of conjectures, and complete inductive reasoning (mathematical induction). A quantitative and qualitative analysis of these written outputs reveals a range of recurring errors, indicative of an insufficient command of the syntactic and semantic conventions governing both forms of mathematical proof. The findings highlight persistent difficulties among students in formulating relevant conjectures, generalizing appropriately, and constructing coherent mathematical proofs. These results underscore the need to strengthen the explicit instruction of these foundational concepts. The low level of proficiency observed in these methods reflects not only a limited understanding of core mathematical notions but also structural deficiencies in the transmission of proof strategies within the Tunisian educational system. This study calls for a reconsideration of pedagogical practices in order to better support learners in developing a rigorous approach to mathematical demonstration.
Footnotes In Translating English Narrative Fiction into Arabic: A Criteria-Based Framework
This study proposes a criteria‑based framework for the inclusion of footnotes in translating English narrative fiction into Arabic. While footnotes clarify cultural and stylistic subtleties, their use has often been subjective and inconsistent. The framework integrates three steps: (1) identification of foregrounded elements in fiction, (2) contextual interpretation of their textual function and narrative effect, and (3) pragmatic evaluation using Grice’s Cooperative Principle to ensure footnotes are informative, truthful, relevant, and clear. The framework was applied through qualitative analysis of four excerpts from Wells’s The history of Mr. Polly (1910) and Faulkner’s The sound and the fury (1929). Findings demonstrate that footnotes fall into two categories: mandatory, required when meaning, textual function, or narrative effect cannot be recovered without external explanation, and optional, useful when meaning, function, or effect can be inferred but clarification enhances comprehension. By distinguishing between these categories, the study reduces subjectivity in translator decision‑making and offers a reproducible method for handling stylistic and cultural challenges in literary translation. This contribution provides translators and translation students with a structured tool for balancing fidelity, clarity, and reader accessibility in Arabic literary translation.
Exploring Polymer-Saccharide Interactions: A Computational Approach for Biosensing Technology
The study employed semi-empirical methods and the molecular mechanics (MM2) force field to calculate the steric energy and heat of formation of glucose in various conformations. The appropriate geometric interactions were confirmed, revealing that Poly-Pyrrole (ppy) interacts specifically with the ß-form of glucose. This finding aligns well with previous studies that used modified pyrrole electrodes to determine glucose experimentally. These results suggest that the molecular docking approach is a suitable method for theoretical studies in biosensor development.
Using Beneficial Lactic Acid Bacteria to Remove or Inhibit Ochratoxin A from Foods: Review
Ochratoxin A (OTA) is one of the most potent and global mycotoxins, primarily produced by the Aspergillus and Penicillium fungi. Its presence in different cereals, coffee, wine, and dairy products remains a global public health and food security concern. Besides, traditional decontamination techniques (physical and chemical) may be ineffective, highly expensive, and cause significant changes in the nutrition and the sensory attributes of the products. Over the last few years, biological detoxification has proven to be the most dependable, cost-effective, and environmentally safe method. In particular, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) can reduce fungal growth and detoxify OTA through cell-wall adsorption, enzymatic biotransformation, and inhibition of fungal growth. This article reviews OTA contamination, the consequences of mycotoxin poisoning, and established regulatory parameters for detoxification before detailing the mechanisms employed by LAB to detoxify across different food matrices. The detoxification mechanisms are influenced by strain, detoxification parameters, and the environment, all of which are thoroughly explained. The review also outlines the obstacles and safety issues surrounding the LAB detoxification approach in food industrialization, as well as the anticipated developments in this area. Growing evidence supports the ongoing, safe biological actions of LAB against OTA contamination as effective biocontrol agents and sustainable, dependable biocontrol practitioners. This becomes an important improvement in global food safety.
Measuring the Impact of the Digital Economy on Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia (2004–2023)
This study aimed to examine the impact of the digital economy on economic growth in Saudi Arabia over the period 2004–2023 using the ARDL approach. It analyzed the role of digital infrastructure (internet users), investments in digital education and training, and digital financial services (revenues from the telecommunications and information technology sector) in supporting growth. The results revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between internet users, telecommunications sector revenues, and IT expenditure with economic growth, particularly in the long run. In contrast, spending on digital education and training did not show a significant long-term effect, although it exhibited a slight positive short-run impact, possibly due to a mismatch between educational outputs and labor market needs. The error correction term confirmed the existence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The study highlights the importance of sustained investment in the components of the digital economy to achieve the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030. It also emphasizes the need to redesign digital education and training policies to better align with labor market requirements, strengthen collaboration among government, educational institutions, and the private sector, and support innovative, flexible learning platforms that enhance the digital skills needed for economic growth.
IoT-Based Smart Transportation System Using Optical Fiber Communication for Enhanced Safety and Efficient Data Transmission
The rapid growth of urbanization and motorized transportation has resulted in increased traffic congestion, higher accident rates, and significant challenges in ensuring road safety and efficient transportation management. Traditional transportation systems often lack real-time monitoring, intelligent decision-making, and reliable communication infrastructures required to address these challenges. The emergence of the Internet of Things (IoT) has enabled the development of smart transportation systems through real-time data collection, vehicle monitoring, and predictive analytics. However, the effectiveness of such systems is highly dependent on the underlying communication network. This research proposes an IoT-based smart transportation system utilizing optical fiber communication as a high-speed, low-latency, and reliable backbone for data transmission. The proposed system integrates IoT sensors with an optical fiber network to support real-time traffic monitoring, accident prevention mechanisms, and efficient data exchange. The system is designed and evaluated using simulation tools, including OptiSystem and MATLAB, to assess key performance parameters such as bit error rate, signal quality, transmission distance, and system reliability. The simulation results demonstrate that optical fiber communication significantly enhances data transmission performance and system stability, making it a suitable solution for next-generation intelligent transportation systems.
The impact of divorce on criminal behavior among women (a study of the causes of repeat offenses among female inmates of Nouakchott prison)
This study examines the impact of divorce on women in Mauritanian society, with a particular focus on divorced inmates at the Nouakchott Women’s Prison and the factors contributing to repeated criminal behavior. Divorce is a widespread social phenomenon whose consequences vary according to women’s cultural, economic, and social contexts. Drawing on relevant studies and field data, the research explores the extent to which divorce may act as a catalyst for vulnerability, potentially exposing some women to recurring involvement in criminal activities, especially in the absence of family and financial support. The findings indicate that divorced women lacking familial backing are more susceptible to exploitation and reoffending due to economic hardship and social marginalization, often resulting in re-incarceration. In contrast, women who maintain family connections and receive post-divorce support demonstrate greater stability and a higher likelihood of successful reintegration. The study highlights the importance of psychological assistance, professional empowerment, and structured social support mechanisms aimed at reducing cultural stigma and shifting societal perceptions toward divorced women. It concludes that sustainable reintegration strategies and the active inclusion of these women in social and economic life are essential to preventing recidivism and fostering long-term stability.
Current and Future Changes in Water Quotas for the Most Important Strategic Agricultural Crops in Egypt
In recent years, it has become clear that there have been clear changes in water quotas. The research problem is to study and analyze water for the most important winter and summer agricultural crops in Egypt. The research relied on descriptive and quantitative analysis, and the most prominent results were that the water quota during the period (2010-2021) for wheat, sugar beet, beans, clover, and onions increased at an annual growth rate of about 1.7%, 1.5%, 2%, 2.2%, and 1%. It is expected to increase statistically significantly for each of them in the year 2025 by about 17.51%, 21.51%, 19.29%, 33.39%, and 15.2%, respectively. It also became clear that the water quota for winter vegetables decreased at a statistically significant annual rate of about 0.9%, and it is expected to decline by about 13.87% in the year 2025., while the water quota for each of maize, sorghum, cotton, sugarcane, and green fodder increased at a rate of Statistically significant annual growth rates were recorded at approximately 1.8%, 2.4%, 0.97%, 1.4%, and 0.79% for each, respectively. Are expected to increase by approximately 19.2%, 39.1%, 14.05%, 21.2%, and 11.87% by 2025. The statistical significance of the development of water quotas for rice and summer vegetables has not been proven. The study recommends the need to review the current varieties of the most important summer and winter crops and develop a map of crops that can be expanded and others that can be reduced to preserve Egypt's water capacity.
The Impact of Fiqh al-Wāqiʿ on Shaping the Prudent Mufti
This study explores the impact of Fiqh al-Wāqiʿ (jurisprudence of reality) on shaping the prudent contemporary mufti and emphasizes the necessity of integrating textual jurisprudence with contextual understanding both in foundational theory and practical application as the two essential pillars of sound fatwa issuance. It addresses the current deficiency in the fatwa landscape, marked by the scarcity of muftis who combine deep mastery of Sharīʿah sciences with an informed awareness of social realities and future developments, particularly amid rapid technological and societal change. The research examines the status of contextual jurisprudence within revelation, the requirements for its effective activation, and its role in forming a balanced and responsible mufti. Adopting descriptive, inductive, and analytical methodologies, the study concludes that Fiqh al-Wāqiʿ is an indispensable tool rooted in revelation and historically practiced by leading jurists, and that neglecting it has led either to rigidity and hardship or to laxity and deviation. The study recommends establishing a systematic framework for preparing contemporary muftis through the integrated activation of textual and contextual jurisprudence, supported by specialized training and rigorous scholarly research to ensure sound, balanced, and contextually relevant fatwas.
The Role of Artificial Intelligence in Weighing Conflicting Evidence in Usul al-Fiqh Name of the first
This study aims to clarify the role of artificial intelligence (AI) in analyzing and interpreting conflicting Islamic legal evidences with precision, in order to achieve balance, find appropriate solutions, and assist in the process of weighing between them. Given that Islamic Sharia is suitable for all times and places, it is essential to establish fundamental guidelines for employing this technology to minimize errors in such a critical matter and to facilitate scientific procedures leading to sound analysis and deduction. The study discusses the potential of AI to incorporate the principles governing conflicting evidences and preference (tarjīḥ), such as prioritizing stronger evidence in terms of indication or transmission, adhering to the practices or abstentions of the Companions (may Allah be pleased with them), or aligning with the general principles and objectives (maqāṣid) of Islamic law, among other recognized criteria of preference. The study concludes that AI can indeed provide assistance in the process of weighing conflicting evidences in a timely manner, thereby guiding the jurist toward the more probable evidence. However, the final judgment remains in the hands of the human jurist, as AI serves as a supportive tool and not an independent authority in issuing legal rulings.
Dr. Temara Ibrahim Mohsen Al-Batawi Al-Batawi
Smart Classroom Management in Islamic Education: A Systematic Review of Recent Educational Literature
This study aims to develop a conceptual and applied framework for smart classroom management in light of the Islamic pedagogical framework, through a systematic review of recent studies published between 2020 and 2025. The problem addressed in this study lies in the absence of an established pedagogical model that reinforces Islamic educational values within modern classroom management practices both at the formal and practical levels particularly as educational technologies and artificial intelligence are increasingly integrated into learning environments without a clear ethical foundation. The study employed a systematic review and descriptive analysis to extract the theoretical foundations and pedagogical practices related to modern classroom management and the role of Islamic values in enhancing it. The findings revealed significant alignments between smart classroom management and core principles of Islamic education, such as justice, consultation (shura), role modeling, honesty, and respect for individual differences. The results also indicated that teachers become more effective when technology is implemented within a well-defined ethical framework. The study emphasizes the importance of developing a model that integrates Islamic authenticity with contemporary technological practices in a way that enhances educational quality and contributes to sustainable ethical and cognitive development.
Soft Power and Its Role in Enhancing the Status of the Gulf Cooperation Council
This study discussed the role of soft power in enhancing the position of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) as an influential regional organization. Soft power has become a key tool for achieving international influence alongside hard power. The research aimed to analyze the concept of soft power and the various tools employed by the Council, such as economic diplomacy, media, education, culture, and sports, focusing on the extent to which these tools have succeeded in achieving regional and international goals. The research adopted a descriptive-analytical approach to study how the Gulf states employ soft power, in addition to a historical approach to trace the development of the Council's strategies since its establishment. The study highlighted the experiences of the UAE in investing in cultural and sporting events, Qatar in media and diplomatic mediation, and Saudi Arabia in social reforms and cultural openness. This indicated that soft power has become a key element in the influence of the Gulf states, despite the challenges related to sustainability, coordination among member states, and regional political influence. The research concluded with a recommendation to adopt a unified Gulf strategy to enhance integration in soft power, develop public diplomacy, expand the media role using modern technologies, and achieve a balance between soft and hard power to strengthen the regional and international role of the GCC.
Copyright (c) 2025 Gateway Journal for Modern Studies and Research (GJMSR) https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Information and Communication Technology and Its Impact on Indonesian Education: Islamic Institutes as a Model
This research aims to examine the impact of educational technology and communication tools on Indonesian education, particularly in Islamic institutes. The pursuit of knowledge and the support of scholars are among the most essential human activities for national development, and the more attention given to teachers, the higher the quality of education becomes. The advancement of modern technology has significantly contributed to saving time, reducing costs, and improving efficiency in teaching and learning. Indonesian Islamic institutes have shown great interest in this field, especially in teaching Arabic and the Qur’an and in carefully selecting qualified educators. The study adopts a descriptive and comparative analytical approach to identify the qualitative challenges in Indonesian education and to explore how linguistic and cultural factors influence learning. The findings highlight that the use of educational technology facilitates remote learning and enhances quality, making it comparable to in-person education. Despite certain challenges, technological tools represent effective solutions that improve teaching outcomes and strengthen the connection between theory and practice within the Indonesian cultural context.
Methodological controls for dealing with the Sunnah of the Prophet
تعتبرالسنة النبوية المصدرالثاني للتشريع الإسلامي بعد القرآن الكريم، فهي الشارحة والمبينة لأحكامه،ولا يفهم القرآن إلا من خلالها، فإي خلل في فهما يعني: الخلل في فهم القرآن؛ بل والدين كله. والبحث يتناول: مفهوم السنة النبوية، والضوابط المعينة على فهم السنة المطهرة. ويستعرض: كيف تعامل خير القرون مع السنة النبوية، ودورالمقاصد في فهما، وتحقيق أهدافها،وعلاقة القرآن الكريم بها،وضرورة تلقيها عن الراسخين في العلم،وأهمية معرفة الملابسات والأسباب في التعامل معها، وكيفية الغوص في معانيها ومراميها، والجمع والترجيح بين مختلف أحاديثها، والحرص على توثيقها. وجاءت الإشكاليات: لتظهر خطورة من يفسرون السنة على هواهم، وينزلونها حسب رغباتهم وميولهم، ومن يقفون عند ظواهرها، ويهملون مقاصدها،وينحرفون بها عن المنهج الوسط في الفهم والسلوك والتنزيل. وينتهي البحث: إلى أن تحري ضوابط التعامل مع السنة يوصل إلى الطريق المستقيم ويقي الأمة من الانحراف،وأوصى البحث: بنشرضوابط التعامل مع السنة،وتفعيل دور المؤسسات الدينية والدعوية والتربوية والتعليمية بإشاعة المفاهيم الصحيحة للسنة النبوية،وكيفية التعامل معها،وتقديم سبل الوقاية والعلاج للحفاظ على صفائها ونقائها.
large language models, automated writing in Arabic, stylistic features of AI writing
With the increasing use of large language models in text generation, there is a need to explore their inherent capacity to diagnose the origin of texts generated by other models. This study examines the diagnostic capacity of four large language models (ChatGPT-4.5, Claude, Copilot, and Gemini) to determine the origin of Arabic texts (human or machine), relying on a modern methodology based on intrinsic stylistic analysis of Arabic texts generated by these models in the literary field. Through stylistic analysis, the study aims to uncover the stylistic features that these large language models themselves associate with automated writing. The research addresses two main questions: (1) To what extent are large language models capable of diagnosing automated writing in Arabic? And (2) What stylistic features do these models consider indicative of automated writing in Arabic? The importance of the study lies in its methodology, which offers a new insight into the capacity of AI to diagnose machine-generated Arabic texts through stylistic analysis of the language written by other models. It also identifies the Arabic stylistic features that AI uses to indicate AI-generated text without comparison with human texts. It also establishes a preliminary reference baseline for researchers investigating the stylistic features of machine-generated Arabic writing, which can be used later to formulate criteria for classifying the style of machine-generated Arabic texts. The study found discrepancies between the models. ChatGPT-4.5 and Gemini were the most accurate in diagnosing machine-generated texts, with Claude coming in second, and Copilot in last place. This indicates that models' diagnosis of machine-generated Arabic writing relies on non-agreed upon stylistic criteria. The study also categorizes the results of the stylistic analysis into formal, syntactic and organizational structure, lexical, rhetorical, discursive, and cognitive levels. These are the features that large language models use to diagnose AI-generated Arabic texts.
Artificial Intelligence at the Service of Knowledge through Automation Archiving and Discovery towards Human Machine Synergy
In today's academic and professional world, knowledge management methods are being transformed by artificial intelligence (AI). This research examines the integration of AI in three specific areas: automating document search processes, optimizing digital archiving systems, and improving knowledge discovery mechanisms. Through a systematic review of recent literature and an analysis of existing empirical studies, this study examines the hypothesis that AI can improve the effectiveness of knowledge management while preserving the central role of human expertise. The results reveal varying efficiency gains depending on the context of application, but also highlight critical challenges in terms of algorithmic bias, explainability, and organizational implementation.
Migration and the Problem of Identity and Socio-Economic Integration of Immigrants in Host Societies
Recently, the phenomenon of migration has increased, particularly within Arab societies, for a variety of reasons. Wars, conflicts, poverty, and security disturbances afflicting Arab societies have pushed families and individuals to undertake successive forced or voluntary migrations, as the only refuge from the harsh reality. Migrants have been drawn to developed and prosperous countries and societies, both Arab and foreign, with high hopes of enjoying a comfortable life. However, they soon faced the problem of identity and economic and social integration in host societies. The study aimed to address the complex issues associated with migration, focusing on the issue of identity and the social and economic integration of migrants in host societies. It also aimed to identify the most important challenges facing migrants, both individually and collectively, particularly in achieving harmony between their parent identity and the new identity of the migrants. It also identified the most significant difficulties facing this integration reality, while highlighting the most important factors that contribute to achieving optimal social and economic integration. It also reviewed some of the theories that explain integration and outlined the most important strategies that enable migrants to adapt optimally to host societies. One of the most important findings of the study is that immigrants suffer from psychological struggles resulting from their attempts to maintain their original identity and adapt to the identity of their new society, leading to what is known as a "fragmented identity." The study also revealed that limited language skills, societal discrimination, the confinement of immigrants to low-wage sectors, and discrimination in employment opportunities are among the most significant obstacles to achieving significant integration and participation in the social and economic life of host societies.
The Effectiveness of the Seven-Step Strategy in Reading Comprehension and Lateral Thinking among Female Students of the Grade
The current research aims to identify the effectiveness of the PQ5R Seven-Step Strategy in reading comprehension and lateral thinking among second-year intermediate female students in the subject of reading. To achieve this, the researcher adopted a quasi-experimental design with a post-test for both the experimental and control groups. The researcher randomly selected Al-Hawraa Intermediate School for Girls, which included three classes for the second intermediate grade. The research sample consisted of 60 students. The researcher randomly chose class (C) to represent the experimental group, consisting of 30 students who were taught according to the PQ5R strategy. Similarly, class (A) was randomly selected to represent the control group, also with 30 students, who were taught using the traditional method. The researcher excluded students who had failed the previous academic year from the research sample, totaling three students. The researcher prepared teaching plans for both research groups and developed research instruments, including a reading comprehension test consisting of 30 multiple-choice items, as well as a lateral thinking test composed of five sections with 20 multiple-choice items. After statistically analyzing the results, the researcher concluded that the experimental group students outperformed the control group students in both the reading comprehension test and the lateral thinking test In light of these results, the researcher recommended a set of recommendations, including the necessity of using the seven-step strategy PQ5R in teaching reading; Because of its positive, effective role in improving students’ learning, it also recommended training Arabic language teachers for the intermediate stage on modern teaching strategies, including the (PQ4R) strategy.
The extent of awareness of social engineering methods and their impact on electronic shopping: a field study on a sample of members of Saudi society
Amid the rapid digital transformation taking place in Saudi society and the growing shift toward e-commerce, cyber risks facing consumers have become more prevalent. One of the most prominent of these risks is what is known as social engineering, which relies on the psychological and behavioral manipulation of individuals to easily obtain their personal or financial information, without the need for direct technical hacking. The security and confidentiality of information exchanged between the seller and the buyer are among the most critical and essential issues for the success of e-commerce. The research problem is to understand the impact of Saudi society’s awareness of social engineering techniques used through digital technologies and how individuals deal with them during the online shopping process. This study aims to explore the relationship between social engineering and various aspects of online shopping, and its impact on members of Saudi society. The main question is: What is the level of awareness among the sampled individuals from Saudi society regarding social engineering? Is there a correlational relationship between social engineering and the dimensions of electronic shopping among individuals in Saudi society (research sample)? This study adopts the descriptive, correlational, and comparative approach. It aims to accurately describe the level of the awareness of the research sample, then to describe the correlation between social engineering techniques and electronic shopping. The sample of the study (200) was individuals from Saudi society across various regions of Saudi Arabia. Key findings revealed a significant positive correlation at the (0.01) level between the participants’ scores on the social engineering variable and the electronic shopping variable.
Light Verse as Social Mirror the Transformation of Late Victorian Poetry form Nonsense to Criticism
This study examines the evolution of Victorian light verse from playful nonsense to a nuanced medium of social critique. Focusing on key figures such as Edward Lear, Lewis Carroll, W.S. Gilbert, and Oscar Wilde, the research examines how humor, linguistic innovation, and satirical elements were employed to reflect and challenge prevailing Victorian values related to class, gender, and morality. By applying close reading and historical contextualization, the study analyzes selected texts to reveal the layers of social commentary embedded in poetic form. Unlike previous studies that often isolate early or late figures, this research traces a continuous literary trajectory, situating light verse within the broader Victorian cultural milieu, including the rise of periodicals, mass literacy, and the comic novel. The findings highlight light verse as both a creative expression and a socio-political tool, offering new insights into its role as a mirror of the era’s contradictions and transformations.
Legal Protection of Personal Data in Light of Modern Digital Legislation
This research deals with the issue of legal protection of personal data in light of the rapid developments of digital technologies, and the accompanying expansion of data collection, processing, and circulation through electronic platforms, which raises serious legal questions about the adequacy of the current legislative framework in protecting the privacy of individuals. The importance of the research stems from the escalation of personal data violations, the damage they cause to individuals and communities, as well as the growing need to align laws with international standards such as the European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR). The research also aims to highlight the gap between traditional legislation and the new challenges posed by the digital environment. The research problem lies in the following question: Do the current legislation provide effective and adequate protection of personal data in the modern digital environment? This raises several questions, including the limits of the legal liability of electronic service providers, enforcement and control mechanisms, and the extent of the commitment of Arab countries to modern legislation. The research found that many national legislations still fall short of keeping pace with digital transformations, which requires radical legal reforms that include enacting specialized laws, strengthening the role of regulatory bodies, and spreading legal awareness among users to ensure effective protection of personal data in the digital age.