Measuring the Impact of the Digital Economy on Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia (2004–2023)

Authors

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.61856/88c73780

Keywords:

Digital Economy- Economic Growth- Internet Users- Telecommunications Services Sector- Communications and Information Technology - Education and Training

Abstract

This study aimed to examine the impact of the digital economy on economic growth in Saudi Arabia over the period 2004–2023 using the ARDL approach. It analyzed the role of digital infrastructure (internet users), investments in digital education and training, and digital financial services (revenues from the telecommunications and information technology sector) in supporting growth. The results revealed a positive and statistically significant relationship between internet users, telecommunications sector revenues, and IT expenditure with economic growth, particularly in the long run. In contrast, spending on digital education and training did not show a significant long-term effect, although it exhibited a slight positive short-run impact, possibly due to a mismatch between educational outputs and labor market needs. The error correction term confirmed the existence of a stable long-run equilibrium relationship among the variables. The study highlights the importance of sustained investment in the components of the digital economy to achieve the objectives of Saudi Vision 2030. It also emphasizes the need to redesign digital education and training policies to better align with labor market requirements, strengthen collaboration among government, educational institutions, and the private sector, and support innovative, flexible learning platforms that enhance the digital skills needed for economic growth.

 

References

Abbas, J. A. (2022). Al-iqtisad al-raqmi wa in'ikasatuhu al-tanmiyya fi ifriqiya fi dhaw' jaihat corona. Majallat Qira'at Afrikiyya, 53, 66–83. https://qiraatafrican.com/article/

Abu Saud, S. (2012). Idarat al-mawarid al-tabi'iyya fi daw' ahdaf al-istidama al-bay'iyya. Al-Dar Al-Marjaha lil-Kutub Al-Ilmiyya, Riyadh. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334194489

Acemoglu, D. (2009). Introduction to modern economic growth. Princeton University Press. https://press.princeton.edu/books/hardcover/9780691132921

Akeel, H., & Khoj, A. (2023). The implications of digital technology on Saudi Arabia’s economic growth. Journal of Economics and Digital Transformation, 12(3), 45–60. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/384161756

Akeel, H., & Khoj, H. (2020). Testing weak-form market efficiency: The case of Saudi Arabia. Asian Economic and Financial Review, 10(6), 644–653. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.aefr.2020.106.644.653

Al Hajri, A., Abdella, G. M., Al Yafei, H., Aseel, S., & Hamouda, A. M. (2022). A systematic literature review of the digital transformation in the Arabian Gulf’s oil and gas sector. Sustainability, 16(15), 6601. https://doi.org/10.3390/su16156601

Al Sahli, K., & Bardesi, H. (2024). The effect of digital transformation on Saudi economic growth. Saudi Journal of Economic Studies, 15(1), 112–130. https://doi.org/10.31014/aior.1992.07.02.587

Al-Harbi, T. D., & Al-Rabghi, R. A. (2025). Dawr al-hukuma al-raqmiya wa da'muha lil-jihat al-hukumiyya fi tabanni al-taqniyat al-nashi'a li taf'il al-tahawwul al-raqmi: Dirasat halat hay'at al-hukuma al-raqmiya al-sa'udiya. Journal of Information Systems and Technology, 2025(7). https://doi.org/10.5339/jist.2025.7

Al-Shammari, A. (2025). Ta'thir al-tahawwul al-raqmi fi fa'aliyat al-qararat al-istiratajiyya: Dirasah tatbiqiyya fi al-qita'at al-masrifiyya wal-bunuk fi al-mamlaka al-arabiyya al-sa'udiya. Scribd. https://www.scribd.com/document/931247520

Badran, A. J. (2014). Al-tanmiyya al-iqtisadiyya wal-tanmiyya al-mustadama. Cairo, Egypt. https://www.scribd.com/document/690872136

Bahloul, M. (2023). Athar al-tahawwul al-raqmi ala al-namw al-iqtisadi fi al-duwal al-arabiyya. Saudi Journal of Statistical Sciences. https://doi.org/10.21608/sjsc.2023.200247.1259

Bouladid, B., & Kebir, M. (2021). Qiyas athar al-iqtisad al-raqmi ala al-namw al-iqtisadi fi al-jaza'ir: Dirasah qiyasiyya lil-fatra 2000–2019. Dirasat Iqtisadiyya, 15(2), 153–168. https://asjp.cerist.dz/en/article/161211

Brynjolfsson, E., & McAfee, A. (2014). The second machine age: Work, progress, and prosperity in a time of brilliant technologies. W. W. Norton & Company. https://wwnorton.com/books/9780393239355

Diab, A. A. (2015). Dirasat mutaqaddima fi al-nazariya al-iqtisadiya al-kulliya. Noor Publishing. https://www.noor-book.com/book/review/580653

Ghloush, T. M., & Hamdi, H. J. (2023). Athar al-awamil al-mu’assasiya ala al-namw al-iqtisadi bi al-tatbiq ala jumhuriyat misr al-arabiyya. Al-Majalla Al-Misriyya lil-Dirasat Al-Tijariyya, 47(2), 120–140. https://journals.ekb.eg/article_292740.html

Hafni, M. H., & Abd Al-Daem, A. H. A. H. (2024). Qiyas athar al-tahawwul al-raqmi ala al-namw al-iqtisadi fi misr. Majallat Al-Buhuth Al-Tijariyya, 46(4). https://journals.ekb.eg/article_372227.html

Jallous, A. I. (2023). Athar al-iqtisad al-raqmi ala al-namw al-iqtisadi fi duwal hawd al-bahr al-mutawassit khilal al-fatra (2012–2021) bi istikhdam namudhaj tashih al-khata (P_VECM). Journal of Environmental and Commercial Studies, 14(3), 3738–3799. https://doi.org/10.21608/JCES.2023.323254

Krugman, P., & Obstfeld, M. (2009). International economics: Theory and policy. Pearson.

https://www.pearson.com

Lucas, R. (1988). On the mechanics of economic development. Journal of Monetary Economics, 22(1), 3–42.

https://doi.org/10.1016/0304-3932(88)90168-7

Mihran, D., et al. (2022). Al-alaqa bayn al-faqr wal-namw al-iqtisadi: Dirasat halat misr (2000–2020). Al-Markaz Al-Dimuqrati Al-Arabi. https://democraticac.de/?p=83819

Mustafa, A., & Saniya, A. (2014). Dirasat fi al-tanmiyya al-iqtisadiyya. Maktabat Hasan Al-Asriyya, Beirut. https://books.google.iq/books?id=SyCtDQAAQBAJ

Neffati, S., & Jbir, R. (2024). Digitalization and economic diversification in Saudi Arabia. Journal of Economic Policy and Digital Innovation, 6(1), 1–18. https://journals.vilniustech.lt/index.php/TEDE/article/view/22105

North, D. (1990). Institutions, institutional change, and economic performance. Cambridge University Press. https://www.cambridge.org

Nugroho, H., et al. (2019). Institutions as the main determinant in economic growth. ETIKONOMI, 18(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.15408/etk.v18i1.5890

OECD. (2020). Digital economy outlook. OECD Publishing. https://www.oecd.org/digital

OECD. (2021). Digital economy outlook 2021. OECD. https://www.oecd.org/digital

Radhi, H. R., & Abd Al-Salam, A. A. (2025). Qiyas athar ba'd mu'ashirat al-iqtisad al-raqmi ala al-namw al-iqtisadi fi al-iraq lil-mudda (2004–2022). Journal of Business Economics for Applied Research, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.37940/BEJAR.2025.7.1.4

Romer, P. (1990). Endogenous technological change. Journal of Political Economy, 98(5), S71–S102. https://doi.org/10.1086/261725

SAMA (Saudi Central Bank). (2023). Digital economy and society performance in Saudi Arabia. https://www.sama.gov.sa

Samuelson, P., & Nordhaus, W. (2010). Economics. McGraw-Hill. https://www.mheducation.com

Solow, R. (1956). A contribution to the theory of economic growth. https://doi.org/10.2307/1884513

Todaro, M., & Smith, S. (2015). Economic development. Pearson. https://www.pearson.com

UNCTAD. (2021). Digital economy report. https://unctad.org

UNCTAD. (2023). Digital economy report 2023.

https://unctad.org/publication/digital-economy-report-2023

World Bank. (2020). Digital development overview. https://www.worldbank.org

World Bank. (2022). Digital transformation for inclusive growth. https://www.worldbank.org

Downloads

Published

05/27/2026

Issue

Section

Articles

How to Cite

HASHIM, E. . (2026). Measuring the Impact of the Digital Economy on Economic Growth in Saudi Arabia (2004–2023). Gateway Journal for Modern Studies and Research (GJMSR), 3(2). https://doi.org/10.61856/88c73780

Similar Articles

11-20 of 28

You may also start an advanced similarity search for this article.